a) Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Mg, Fe

n_H2 = \(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Pt: Mg + H₂SO₄ --> MgSO₄ + H₂

.......x..........................................x

......Fe + H₂SO₄ --> FeSO₄ + H₂

.......y........................................y

Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=6,8\\x+y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

% m_Mg = \(\dfrac{0,05\times24}{6,8}.100\%=17,65\%\)

% m_Fe = \(\dfrac{0,1\times56}{6,8}.100\%=82,35\%\)

b) Pt: Mg + 2H₂SO_{4 (đ,n)} --> MgSO₄ + 2H₂O + SO₂

.......0,05 mol----------------------------------------> 0,05 mol

..........2Fe + 6H₂SO_{4 (đ,n)} --> Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 6H₂O + 3SO₂

.........0,1 mol--------------------------------------------> 0,15 mol

V_SO2 = (0,05 + 0,15) . 22,4 = 4,48 (lít)

Bài 3 : 

a) $Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{Mg} = n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4} = 0,15(mol)$
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100\% = 27,27\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% -27,27\% = 72,73\%$

b) $n_{Cu} = \dfrac{13,2 - 0,15.24}{64}= 0,15(mol)$

$\Rightarrow m_{muối} = 0,15.120 + 0,15.160= 42(gam)$

Bài 4 : 

Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)$
$56a + 24b = 18,4(1)$

$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$

Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = 0,5(2)$

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,3

$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\%  = 60,87\%$

$\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -60,87\% = 39,13\%$

b) $n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{1}{0,8}=  1,25(lít)$

3a) \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{13,2}.100=27,28\%\)

\(\%m_{Cu}=100-27,28=72,73\%\)

b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{13,2-3,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Cu + 2H2SO4 → CuSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

Mg + 2H2SO4 → MgSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O

0,15------------------->0,15

\(m_{muối}=0,15.160+0,15.120=42\left(g\right)\)

Đáp án C.

Kim loại không phản ứng với H₂SO₄ loãng là Cu.

Gọi n_Cu = x, n_Mg = y, n_Al = z

Ta có:

64x + 24y + 27z = 33,2 (1)

Bảo toàn e:

2n_Mg + 3n_Al = 2n_H2  

=> 2y + 3z = 2.1 (2)

2n_Cu = 2n_SO2  =>  x = 0.2 (mol) (3)

Từ 1, 2, 3 => x = 0,2; y = z = 0,4 (mol)

m_Cu = 0,2.64 = 12,8 (g)

m_Mg = 0,4.24 = 9,6 (g)

m_Al = 10,8 (g)

1)

Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

Cu + 2H₂SO₄ --> CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

2)

- Xét TN1:

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

         0,15<------------------0,15

=> m_Fe = 0,15.56 = 8,4 (g)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{14,8}.100\%=56,757\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-56,757\%=43,243\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

3) 

- Xét TN2:

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{29,6.43,243\%}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Cu + 2H₂SO₄ --> CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

            0,2-------------------------->0,2

=> V = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)

a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(đk:a,b>0\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,28}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

2Al + 3H₂SO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

a--------------------------------------->1,5a

Zn + H₂SO₄ ---> ZnSO₄ + H₂

b------------------------------>b

Theo bài ra, ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=10,55\\1,5a+b=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,15.27=4,05\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{4,05}{10,55}.100\%=38,4\%\\\%m_{Zn}=100\%-38,4\%=61,6\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, PTHH:

\(Zn+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nguội\right)}\rightarrow ZnSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)

0,1------------------------------>0,1----->0,1

\(2Al+3ZnSO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3Zn\downarrow\)

\(\dfrac{1}{15}\)<---0,1---------->\(\dfrac{1}{30}\)---------->0,1

\(Zn+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nguội\right)}\rightarrow ZnSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+2H_2O\)

0,1----------------------------->0,1-------->0,1

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V=\left(0,1+0,1\right).22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\x=\dfrac{1}{30}.342+0,1.161=27,5\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a.Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+65y=10,55\left(g\right)\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=\dfrac{7,28}{22,4}=0,325\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.27}{10,55}.100=38,39\%;\%m_{Zn}=61,61\%\\ b.X+H_2SO_4đặc,nguội\Rightarrow ChỉcóZnphảnứng\\ Zn\rightarrow Zn^{2+}+2e\\ S^{+6}+2e\rightarrow S^{+4}\\ Bảotoàne:n_{Zn}.2=n_{SO_2}.2\\ \Rightarrow n_{SO_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnSO_4}=161.0,1=16,1\left(g\right)\)

Lưu ý: Al bị thụ động với H2SO4 dặc nguội

`2Fe + 6H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 6H_2 O + 3SO_2 \uparrow`

 `0,1`                                                                                `0,15`        `(mol)`

`2Ag + 2H_2 SO_[4(đ,n)] -> Ag_2 SO_4 + 2H_2 O + SO_2 \uparrow`

`0,2`                                                                         `0,1`               `(mol)`

`n_[SO_2]=[5,6]/[22,4]=0,25(mol)`

Gọi `n_[Fe]=x` ; `n_[Ag]=y`

`=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} 56x+108y=27,2\\ \dfrac{3}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{2}y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.$

`<=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x=0,1\\ y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.$

`a)%m_[Fe]=[0,1.56]/[27,2] .100~~20,59%`

`=>%m_[Ag]~~100-20,59~~79,41%`

`b)n_[SO_2]=0,15+0,1=0,25(mol)`

   `n_[NaOH]=0,5.0,8=0,4(mol)`

Ta có:`T=[0,4]/[0,25]=1,6 ->` Tạo muối `Na_2 SO_3` và `NaHSO_3`

 `SO_2 + 2NaOH -> Na_2 SO_3 + H_2 O`

 `SO_2 + NaOH -> NaHSO_3`

Gọi `n_[Na_2 SO_3]=x ; n_[NaHSO_3]=y`

 `=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x+y=0,25\\ 2x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.$

`<=>` $\left[\begin{matrix} x=0,15\\ y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.$

    `=>C_[M_[Na_2 SO_3]]=[0,15]/[0,5]=0,3(M)`

    `=>C_[M_[NaHSO_3]]=[0,1]/[0,5]=0,2(M)`